国际观察丨政局剧变一年后 叙利亚形势如何

Core Viewpoint - The Syrian transitional government has made progress in both internal and external affairs over the past year since the political upheaval, but it still faces significant challenges including security instability, severe counter-terrorism issues, and slow reconstruction efforts [1]. Internal Affairs - The Syrian transitional government has implemented various measures in political, security, and economic domains to stabilize the domestic situation and consolidate its power [2]. - In the political realm, the government has held national dialogue meetings, developed a "constitutional declaration," and conducted legislative elections to strengthen its governance framework [2]. - In terms of security, the government has facilitated ceasefires and reconciliations among different armed groups, including agreements with the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Druze community [2]. - Economically, the government has improved electricity supply by securing natural gas and oil from countries like Azerbaijan, Qatar, and Russia [2]. Diplomatic Efforts - The transitional government is actively seeking to enhance relations with regional countries and major powers like the US and Russia, aiming for a pragmatic and balanced foreign policy [3]. - Regionally, Syria is working to gain support from Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, and is improving relations with neighboring countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt, and the UAE [3]. - Notably, Saudi Arabia has announced a $5.6 billion investment agreement with Syria, and Qatar has pledged to assist in resolving Syria's debt issues [3]. - Internationally, the government is seeking recognition and support, with recent high-level meetings between Syrian President Ahmad Sharrah and Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasizing continued friendly relations [3]. Challenges - Despite some progress, the transitional government faces multiple challenges, including political and security instability, with ongoing demands for federalism from minority groups [5]. - The counter-terrorism situation remains critical, as the government conducts large-scale operations against ISIS and other terrorist organizations, while foreign terrorist fighters continue to pose a threat [5]. - External security threats persist, particularly from Israel, which has occupied strategic areas in Syria, leading to stalled negotiations [6]. - Reconstruction efforts are hindered by ongoing economic crises and sanctions, with rising prices for essential goods impacting the population's living conditions [6].