郑永年：科创为“帆” 产业为“锚”——上海“五个中心”建设须以实体经济“领航”

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the need for Shanghai to leverage its role in the national development strategy by focusing on the real economy and technological innovation, creating a synergistic system of basic research, application technology transformation, and financial services to promote high-quality development of the "Five Centers" [1] Group 1: International Strategic Landscape - The current international order is undergoing four structural changes: the weakening of the US-led alliance system, limitations on multilateral mechanisms like the UN, fragmentation of global governance, and a shift in US strategic focus towards the Asia-Pacific region [1] - The breakthrough in scientific and technological capabilities and the resilience of the industrial system are seen as core determinants of national competitiveness [1] Group 2: Development of New Productive Forces - The core task during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period is to develop new productive forces and build a modern industrial system, which aligns with the strategic positioning of Shanghai's "Five Centers" [1] - Historical examples from Japan and the "Four Asian Tigers" illustrate that sustained investment in technological innovation is crucial for overcoming the "middle-income trap" and achieving a virtuous cycle of technological progress, industrial upgrading, job expansion, tax growth, and reinvestment in innovation [1] Group 3: Shanghai's Unique Advantages - Shanghai's advantages include a well-structured ecosystem for research and development, with a concentration of top universities and research institutions, and the establishment of a "Basic Research Pilot Zone" [1] - The manufacturing strengths of neighboring provinces like Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provide ample opportunities for technology transfer from laboratories to production lines [1] - As a national financial center, Shanghai can offer diverse capital support for hard technology projects throughout the entire cycle from research and development to mass production [1] Group 4: Financial Integration with the Real Economy - The construction of a national financial center must prioritize the real economy, avoiding the pitfalls of "de-industrialization" seen in the UK and the US [2] - Financial services should act as a "booster" for technological innovation and industrial upgrading, rather than becoming a self-referential "bubble" [2] - Shanghai should focus on developing venture capital, industrial funds, and technology finance that align with the high-risk, long-cycle nature of hard technology projects [2] Group 5: Global Innovation Landscape - The main battleground for the fourth industrial revolution is concentrated in the US and China, with China having three strategic hubs: Beijing for basic research, the Greater Bay Area for market application, and the Yangtze River Delta, centered in Shanghai, for its integrated advantages in research, manufacturing, and finance [2] - Recommendations for Shanghai include improving the venture capital ecosystem and reforming institutional mechanisms to create an efficient closed loop between innovation, industry, and finance [2]