东西问丨孟凡超：港珠澳大桥如何让中国创新与世界共享？

Core Viewpoint - The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) exemplifies China's innovative approach to infrastructure, integrating advanced engineering techniques and ecological considerations while fostering international collaboration in construction standards and practices [3][10]. Group 1: Design Innovation - The design philosophy of HZMB is based on the "Four Innovations" concept: large-scale, industrialized, standardized, and modular construction, which represents a shift from traditional labor-intensive methods to a more industrialized approach [4]. - The project faced four major global challenges: technical innovation, safety during construction, environmental protection, and management under the "One Country, Two Systems" framework, leading to the development of hundreds of patents [4][10]. - The innovative design includes measures to minimize ecological impact, such as controlling the water blockage rate to below 10% and implementing precise construction techniques to protect local marine life [4][8]. Group 2: Environmental Protection - Approximately 95% of the construction work was completed in factories, significantly reducing on-site waste and ecological disruption [7]. - Specific measures were taken to protect the habitat of the Chinese white dolphin, including pausing heavy construction during breeding seasons and optimizing bridge design to widen biological corridors [7][8]. - The construction methods employed not only shortened project timelines but also minimized pollution and sedimentation in marine environments [8]. Group 3: Cross-Border Collaboration - HZMB serves as a model for cross-border infrastructure projects, successfully navigating the legal and technical standards differences among Hong Kong, Macau, and mainland China [10][11]. - The project adopted a principle of "mutual respect and higher standards," selecting the most stringent regulations from the three regions to resolve disputes and ensure project advancement [10][11]. - A dynamic organizational model was utilized, with leadership shifting based on project phases, which enhanced collaboration efficiency and addressed funding challenges through a combination of government and market-driven financing [10][11]. Group 4: International Standards and Future Role - To align Chinese bridge technology with international standards, a tiered standard system is proposed, allowing for high-end engineering solutions tailored to different countries' needs [13]. - China's experience in large-scale infrastructure projects positions it as a provider of adaptable solutions and shared expertise in international collaborations, particularly in initiatives like the Belt and Road [14]. - The integration of AI technology with traditional engineering practices is seen as a future trend that can enhance global infrastructure development [14].