全球感知｜从欧盟强化经济安全战略看对欧经贸新挑战

Core Insights - The European Commission has released a policy communication document aimed at enhancing the EU's economic security, indicating a shift towards more strategic, efficient, and proactive use of policy tools to address economic security risks [1] Supply Chain Management - The European Commission defines high-risk dependency as situations where "60% or more of supply is controlled by a single third country or single operator" and identifies key areas such as critical raw materials, clean technology components, and general semiconductors for supply chain resilience management [2] - Future trade investigations related to economic security will systematically incorporate economic security factors into their processes, potentially leading to stricter trade investigations and compliance reviews for companies with concentrated supply sources in these critical categories [2] Investment Scrutiny - The European Commission is tightening foreign investment reviews, focusing on cumulative risks from multiple investments in strategic sectors and enhancing scrutiny of investments from "high-risk entities" [3] - Investments that can strengthen economic security, particularly in electric vehicles, will be prioritized, with stricter reviews for investments in strategic areas like automotive manufacturing and key components [3] Technology Sovereignty - The European Commission warns of risks associated with foreign investments acquiring sensitive technologies and plans to prioritize funding from EU or like-minded partners while restricting access for high-risk entities [4] - Chinese companies in advanced semiconductor and AI sectors may face increased barriers to entry in EU markets due to "technology protection" measures [4] Compliance and Certification - The European Commission will enhance origin verification and cybersecurity certification for products like solar inverters, which may lead to longer customs clearance times and increased compliance costs for Chinese companies exporting sensitive products to the EU [5] Talent and Research Cooperation - The EU's economic security measures now extend to talent and research cooperation, with a focus on potential risks from foreign professionals and international STEM students [6] - The establishment of "research security professional centers" and due diligence platforms will complicate academic exchanges and research collaborations between China and Europe, potentially impacting Chinese companies' technological innovation and talent continuity in Europe [6]