印俄深化经贸合作应对美国施压

Core Viewpoint - The visit of Russian President Putin to India marks a significant step in strengthening the "special and privileged strategic partnership" between India and Russia, emphasizing the need for bilateral cooperation in various sectors amidst external pressures, particularly from the United States [1][5]. Economic Cooperation - India and Russia signed the "2030 Economic Cooperation Plan" aimed at enhancing bilateral trade, with a target to increase annual trade to $100 billion by 2030, reaffirmed during the visit [1][2]. - The trade volume between India and Russia has surged from over $10 billion in the 2021 fiscal year to approximately $68.7 billion projected for the 2024-2025 fiscal year, largely driven by India's increased oil imports from Russia [2][3]. Energy Cooperation - Energy cooperation is highlighted as a cornerstone of the India-Russia partnership, with Modi stating it is a priority for both leaders. Russia is positioned as a reliable supplier of oil, gas, and coal to India [2][4]. - The share of Russian oil in India's total oil imports has increased dramatically from about 2% in the 2000-2021 fiscal years to over 37% in the 2024-2025 fiscal year, with imports valued at $52.7 billion [3]. Nuclear Energy Collaboration - Significant progress was made in civil nuclear energy cooperation, with India aiming to increase its nuclear power capacity to 100 GW by 2047, relying on Russian technology and equipment [4]. - Agreements were reached to accelerate the construction of new nuclear units at the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant and to explore the development of small modular reactors in India [4]. Trade Facilitation and Security - Multiple agreements were signed to enhance trade security and facilitate smoother logistics, including cooperation on transport corridors, customs, and maritime operations [4]. - A framework for labor mobility was established to support the movement of Indian technical workers to Russia, reflecting a commitment to mutual benefits in personnel exchange [5]. Geopolitical Context - The agreements reached during the visit are expected to face scrutiny and pressure from the United States, particularly regarding oil imports and trade negotiations [5][6]. - Modi's cautious remarks on energy cooperation indicate India's strategic balancing act in response to U.S. pressures while seeking to maintain strong ties with Russia [6].