气候大会风向变化：谈判进展缓慢，绿色产业影响凸显

Core Insights - COP30, held in Belém, Brazil, marked the tenth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, but achieved only symbolic progress on key issues, failing to meet the expectations of climate-vulnerable countries for stronger climate action [3][23] - The focus of global climate governance is shifting from multilateral political consultations to economic and industrial decision-making, highlighting the importance of translating international consensus into domestic policies and investment actions [3][23] - Despite the absence of the United States, China and the European Union reached a high-level joint statement, demonstrating their commitment to advancing the Paris Agreement through dialogue and cooperation [3][23] Multilateral Dialogue in Climate and Trade - Trade issues were formally included in the climate conference discussions, with a consensus reached to establish the "Climate-Trade Comprehensive Forum" (IFCCT) to address carbon border measures and low-carbon product standards [4][24] - The forum aims to provide a communication channel rather than establish unified rules, potentially easing policy friction amid increasing fragmentation of global standards [4][24] - The inclusion of trade in climate negotiations is seen as a significant breakthrough, reflecting the integration of climate and economic issues [5][25] China's Growing Influence - China's presence at COP30 was prominent, with a central exhibition area attracting significant attention and participation from various countries, showcasing its climate actions and low-carbon technologies [7][27] - The country is increasingly taking on a coordinating role among developing nations, moving beyond a unified stance with the G77 group to facilitate consensus on key issues [11][31] - China's new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) target aims for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and an increase in the share of non-fossil energy by 2035 [9][29] Climate Financing - COP30 emphasized the need for a financing roadmap of $1.3 trillion and a minimum of $300 billion from developed countries to support climate action in developing nations [16][36] - The conference highlighted the challenges posed by the absence of U.S. funding commitments, which has created a significant gap in climate financing that cannot be filled by other countries alone [17][37] - The decision to establish a two-year work program on climate financing reflects ongoing difficulties in advancing funding mechanisms, particularly for adaptation efforts, which are currently underfunded [18][39]