国家记忆｜曾经春运一票难求！时代呼唤中国铁路加速度

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the evolution of China's high-speed rail (HSR) from its inception to its current status as a global leader in high-speed rail technology, emphasizing key milestones and technological advancements over the years [1][27]. Group 1: Historical Development - The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was established in 1909, marking the beginning of railway development in China, followed by the introduction of the Beijing-Zhang High-Speed Railway in 2019, showcasing over a century of progress in rail transport [1]. - After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, there was a significant increase in the number of migrant workers moving from rural areas to cities, leading to a surge in passenger traffic during the Spring Festival [3]. - In response to the increasing demand, the Ministry of Railways initiated research in 1990 to address the challenges faced by the railway system, leading to the proposal for high-speed rail development [5]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway was transformed into China's first "quasi-high-speed railway," achieving operational speeds of 160 km/h after modifications, with a test section reaching 200 km/h [8][10]. - From 1997 to 2008, the Chinese railway system underwent six major speed upgrades, significantly enhancing operational efficiency [13]. - The Qin-Shen Passenger Dedicated Line was developed as a testbed for high-speed rail technology, featuring a total length of 404.6 kilometers and designed and constructed entirely by Chinese engineers [17][20]. Group 3: Infrastructure and Equipment - The construction of the Qin-Shen line required the development of new technologies for track construction, including the creation of a heavy-duty bridge crane, the JQ600, which marked a significant milestone in China's heavy construction equipment capabilities [22]. - The successful operation of the T60 train on the Qin-Shen line reduced travel time between Beijing and Shenyang from over nine hours to four and a half hours, demonstrating the impact of high-speed rail on travel efficiency [24]. - Over two decades, China has developed bridge cranes capable of lifting over a thousand tons, symbolizing the maturity of its high-speed rail construction equipment [25].