东西问丨张连钢：中国自动化码头是如何跻身全球前列的？

Core Viewpoint - The development of automated terminals in China reflects a significant transformation from a technological void to a leading position globally, showcasing advancements in automation and smart technologies in the port industry [3][6]. Group 1: Reasons for Developing Automated Terminals - Automated terminals are essential for the transition of traditional ports to modern ones, addressing issues such as harsh working conditions, high labor intensity, and safety risks while enhancing operational stability, cargo quality, and customer experience [6]. - The global progress in automated terminal construction is notable, with various types of terminals, including container, bulk, and general cargo terminals, actively exploring automation technologies [6]. Group 2: Comparison with Other Countries - Western countries began developing automated terminals in the late 1980s, while China started its journey around 2011, initially lacking technological accumulation [8]. - Despite its late start, China has rapidly advanced in automated terminal technology through learning from advanced practices and focusing on independent innovation, achieving significant progress in a short time [8][9]. Group 3: Current Status of Automated Terminals in China - China's automated terminals have entered a phase of high-quality development, becoming a benchmark in the global port industry, with significant achievements in both new constructions and upgrades of traditional terminals [10]. - Key characteristics of Chinese automated terminals include advanced technology integration, high operational efficiency (with an average crane efficiency of 62.62 containers per hour as of May), leading scale (23 automated container terminals and 29 automated bulk terminals as of June), and a strong focus on green energy and sustainability [10]. Group 4: Lessons for Other Countries - China's experience in developing automated terminals, particularly in reducing costs and construction time, offers valuable insights for other nations, especially developing countries that previously found such projects financially prohibitive [11]. - The successful implementation of China's automated terminal solutions contributes to smoother global trade and promotes sustainable ecological practices, improving air quality and reducing carbon footprints [11][12].