极端天气四问

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in China, highlighting the impacts of cold waves, heavy rainfall, and high temperatures on various sectors such as energy supply, agriculture, and public health [2][3][4]. Group 1: Impact of Cold Waves - Cold waves are characterized by significant drops in temperature, strong winds, and precipitation, affecting energy supply, agricultural production, transportation, and human health [2]. - This winter, the Central Meteorological Observatory has issued warnings for three cold wave events, with the current one being notable for its extensive impact across regions like North China and Huanghuai [2]. - The cold wave is primarily driven by the movement of cold air from the west, leading to the first large-scale snowfall of the winter in certain areas [2]. Group 2: Increase in Extreme Weather Events - Extreme weather events in China, including heavy rainfall, droughts, and typhoons, have become more frequent and severe in recent years [3][4]. - The proportion of typhoons making landfall in China has increased since the late 20th century, with notable events like Typhoon "Doksuri" causing significant flooding in 2023 [3]. - The summer of 2024 saw a prolonged heatwave in central and eastern China, lasting 74 days, marking it as the second longest since 1961 [3]. Group 3: New Characteristics of Extreme Weather - There is a rising trend of compound disasters, where multiple extreme weather events occur simultaneously, increasing the complexity of disaster response [5]. - Recent events have shown that extreme weather is not only more frequent but also more intense and widespread, with a notable shift from single disasters to compound disasters [5][6]. - The geographical impact of extreme rainfall and flooding has expanded from traditional southern regions to northern and western areas, increasing the risk of typhoons in these regions [6]. Group 4: Strategies for Disaster Risk Management - The article emphasizes the need for improved disaster risk management systems in response to the increasing complexity of extreme weather events [9]. - Recommendations include establishing early warning systems, enhancing observational networks, and improving public awareness of disaster risks [9][10]. - The shift from traditional weather forecasting to disaster risk warning is highlighted as a necessary adaptation to the changing climate [8].