“狙击”非二氧化碳温室气体，中国在行动

Core Viewpoint - The reduction of methane and nitrous oxide emissions is crucial for mitigating global warming, as methane has a warming effect over 80 times that of carbon dioxide in the first 20 years, and nitrous oxide is 273 times more potent over a century [1][2]. Group 1: Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases - Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions have become a new focus in climate change and environmental governance, encompassing gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrofluorocarbons [1]. - In China, non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions account for 21% of total greenhouse gas emissions, with agriculture contributing approximately 40% of methane and 45% of nitrous oxide emissions [2]. Group 2: Agricultural Emission Reduction Efforts - China is actively promoting the reduction of methane and nitrous oxide emissions in agriculture, with significant progress reported [3]. - The "Methane Emission Control Action Plan" outlines measures for controlling methane emissions from rice paddies and utilizing livestock manure [3]. - New water-saving planting techniques have achieved an average methane reduction rate of 97% and a comprehensive greenhouse gas reduction of 92% [3]. Group 3: Livestock and Fertilizer Management - Methane emissions in livestock primarily stem from enteric fermentation and manure management, with resource utilization rates for livestock waste in regions like Hebei reaching 84% [4]. - Nitrogen fertilizer usage is a major source of nitrous oxide emissions, with innovative practices in various regions reducing fertilizer application while increasing crop yields [5][6]. Group 4: Collaborative Efforts and Technological Innovations - Effective reduction of agricultural emissions requires cross-departmental collaboration and a comprehensive industry chain approach, balancing food security with climate goals [7]. - The optimization of energy structures and process upgrades in nitrogen fertilizer production, along with the promotion of new fertilizers and precision fertilization techniques, are key strategies for reducing nitrous oxide emissions [7].