今冬以来最大范围雨雪降温将至 极端天气四问

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in China, particularly focusing on the current cold wave and its impacts on various sectors such as energy supply, agriculture, and transportation [2][3][4]. Group 1: Impact of Cold Wave - The cold wave is characterized by significant temperature drops, strong winds, and rain/snow, affecting energy supply, agricultural production, transportation, and human health [2]. - This winter's cold wave is the third warning issued so far, with notable features including a wide range of wind and temperature drops, heavy snowfall in North China and Huanghuai regions, and strong winds at sea [2]. - The cold wave is primarily caused by the eastward movement of high-altitude troughs and surface cold high pressure, leading to widespread cold air affecting most of China [2]. Group 2: Increase in Extreme Weather Events - Extreme weather events in China, such as heavy rainfall, heatwaves, cold waves, typhoons, strong winds, and droughts, have significantly increased in recent years [3][4]. - The proportion of typhoons making landfall in China has risen since the late 20th century, with notable events like Typhoon "Doksuri" causing severe flooding in the Haihe River basin, the strongest since 1963 [3]. - In 2024, a prolonged heatwave lasting 74 days was recorded in central and eastern China, marking the second-longest duration since 1961, with over 1,400 meteorological stations reporting temperatures above 37°C [3]. Group 3: New Characteristics of Extreme Weather - Recent trends show an increase in compound extreme weather events, such as the combination of high temperatures and heavy rainfall leading to complex disaster scenarios [5]. - The frequency and intensity of extreme events are rising, with impacts expanding from traditional areas to northern and western regions, increasing the risk of typhoon-related disasters in these areas [5]. - The relationship between different extreme weather events is becoming more interconnected, complicating disaster prevention and response efforts [5]. Group 4: Response to Extreme Weather - The China Meteorological Administration is shifting from traditional weather forecasting to disaster risk warning systems to better address the increasing complexity of extreme weather [8]. - There is a call for improved early warning systems in areas prone to extreme weather and compound disasters, enhancing disaster observation networks and response capabilities [9]. - Emphasis is placed on increasing public awareness of disaster risks and improving infrastructure resilience to better manage the impacts of extreme weather events [9].