EU firms in China accelerating supply chain diversification, report finds

Core Insights - European firms are increasingly diversifying away from Chinese supply chains due to Beijing's self-reliance initiatives and export controls, which are creating global trade uncertainties [1][3] - China's trade surplus exceeded $1 trillion for the first time in November, driven by increased exports to Europe, Australia, and Southeast Asia, amidst rising diplomatic tensions over trade imbalances [1][2] Trade Dynamics - Chinese exports to the United States fell by 29% year-on-year in November, while exports to the EU increased by 14.8% [2] - The EU's trade imbalance with China has worsened to a ratio of 1:4 in container terms, compared to 1:2.7 in 2019 [2] Economic Challenges - The Chinese economy is facing significant challenges, including 37 consecutive months of factory gate deflation, which contributes to currency imbalances with Europe [3] - Export controls on rare earths and critical materials have led to production stoppages and financial losses for European businesses [3] Supply Chain Strategies - Over 70% of European firms in China have reassessed their supply chain strategies in the past two years, with more than a quarter onshoring within China and 10% seeking alternatives outside the country [4] - Sector-specific trends show that 80% of pharmaceutical firms and 46% of machinery manufacturers are increasing localization, while 33% of IT and telecom firms and 25% of retailers are diversifying away from China [4] Supply Chain Vulnerabilities - Despite the shift, 22% of European firms still rely on critical components from China with no viable alternatives, indicating ongoing supply chain vulnerabilities [5] - The dependency on rare earth magnets is highlighted as a significant concern, with one in three member companies considering shifting sourcing away from China due to export controls [5] Political Context - French President Emmanuel Macron emphasized the critical nature of China's trade deficit with Europe, labeling it "a matter of life or death for European industry," and indicated potential tariff threats to Beijing [6]