牛凯征：建筑节能降碳路在何方？

Core Viewpoint - The green building materials industry is crucial for achieving China's carbon neutrality goals, requiring a dual focus on "operational carbon" and "embodied carbon" to effectively reduce emissions in the construction sector [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Development and Challenges - The green building materials industry is transitioning from scale expansion to quality and efficiency improvement, with significant achievements such as 10% growth in certification numbers and 20% annual revenue growth, reaching over 250 billion yuan [2]. - The number of pilot cities supporting government procurement of green building materials has expanded to 101, leading to over 1 trillion yuan in project investments [2]. - Despite progress, challenges remain, including insufficient adaptation to stricter carbon emission controls and a disconnect between product supply and consumer demand for quality housing [2][3]. Group 2: Solutions for Operational Carbon - Green building materials play a direct and significant role in reducing operational carbon emissions by enhancing energy efficiency through high-performance insulation and energy-saving products [4]. - The use of advanced materials, such as nano-ceramic glass energy-saving films, can significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings, with potential energy savings of up to 30% in summer and 10% in winter [5][6]. Group 3: Addressing Embodied Carbon - The embodied carbon in building materials, particularly concrete and steel, constitutes a significant portion of total lifecycle emissions, necessitating improved management and quantification methods [7]. - A pioneering government procurement pilot project in Ningbo aims to establish a framework for low-carbon building material procurement, setting specific carbon emission limits for concrete and utilizing a digital platform for tracking and verification [8][9]. - The Ningbo pilot project is expected to achieve a reduction of approximately 102 tons of CO2 emissions from the procurement of low-carbon concrete, with potential city-wide reductions reaching 520,000 tons [8][9].