国际观察丨八年三份报告，美国国家安全战略的变与不变

Core Viewpoint - The latest U.S. National Security Strategy report represents a significant shift in American foreign policy, aiming to redefine the U.S. global role and the concept of "America First" under President Trump's second term [1] Strategic Shift: "Limited Core American Interests" - The 2017 report maintained the framework of "U.S. leadership of the free world" but introduced "America First" and "great power competition," linking economic and security issues [2] - The 2022 Biden administration report emphasized great power competition and global challenges, returning to "liberal internationalism" principles while supporting democratic values and the importance of alliances [2] - The Trump 2.0 report moves further by stating that maintaining "core national interests" is the fundamental purpose of U.S. foreign policy, focusing on enhancing American strength and prosperity [2] Regional Priorities - The new report reorders U.S. strategic priorities, emphasizing "Western Hemisphere first," with a focus on border security, drug trafficking, and preventing foreign intervention [3] - It continues to view the Asia-Pacific as the main area for great power competition while reducing the importance of the Middle East and defining Africa primarily in terms of mineral supply and terrorism risks [3] Policy Fluctuations - Over eight years and three reports, U.S. foreign policy has shown inconsistency, particularly in its approach to global challenges like climate change, where the latest report views it as a "burden to avoid" [4] - The positioning of allies has also shifted, with the new report showing a trend of "tooling" allies and criticizing European domestic and foreign policies [4] - The stance on U.S.-Russia relations has softened in the latest report compared to previous assessments, indicating a desire to rebuild strategic stability with Russia [4] Changes in Strategic Regions - The 2017 report paid little attention to the Western Hemisphere, while the 2022 report highlighted its direct impact on the U.S. The new report elevates issues like drug trafficking and illegal immigration to a more significant level [5] Overall Trends - The new report is characterized as having a narrower vision, stronger partisanship, and a more inward-looking policy approach [6] - It contains contradictions, promoting non-interventionism while asserting intervention rights in the Western Hemisphere and attempting to influence European development [7] - Despite the changes, a consistent theme across all three reports is the maintenance of U.S. dominance in the international system, particularly in military competition and domestic economic security [7]