刘振民：望美国重返《巴黎协定》，须关注单边措施对能源转型危害

Core Insights - The 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) concluded in Belém, Brazil, marking the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and held in a critical climate crisis area, under significant political pressure and global expectations [1][21][22] - The absence of the U.S. federal government at COP30, following its second withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, has raised concerns about the future of global climate governance and has become a major topic of discussion [2][22] Group 1: U.S. Absence and Its Implications - The U.S. absence is seen as a structural variable affecting negotiations, particularly in funding commitments and political coordination among developed countries [2][22][27] - The lack of U.S. representation has made it difficult for developed nations to coordinate climate funding for developing countries, leading to challenges in achieving financial commitments [27] - Despite the absence of the federal government, many state governments, businesses, and academic representatives from the U.S. attended, indicating a division in U.S. domestic opinion on climate change [28][29] Group 2: Energy Transition and Fossil Fuel Debate - The conference focused on advancing the COP28 UAE consensus, with China advocating for the continuation of this framework rather than introducing new fossil fuel exit roadmaps [32][34] - China has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, aiming for a 7%-10% reduction from peak levels by 2035, alongside a significant increase in non-fossil energy consumption [11][35] - The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is recognized as a complex challenge, requiring significant technological and infrastructural adjustments [36] Group 3: Trade Tensions and Funding Challenges - Trade issues were a significant focus at COP30, with many developing countries uniting against unilateral measures proposed by developed nations, particularly the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) [37][38] - Funding remains a critical challenge, with developing countries urgently needing financial support to address climate change, as mandated by the Paris Agreement [40] - The COP30 outcomes included a commitment to double adaptation funding by 2025 and at least triple it by 2035, emphasizing the need for developed countries to fulfill their financial obligations [41][42]