【新华社】青藏高原咋种树？雌雄互补，菌肥增效

Core Viewpoint - Research on the Yarlung Tsangpo River Valley in the Tibetan Plateau reveals that selecting suitable tree species, considering the "gender ratio" of trees, and nurturing soil microorganisms are essential for successful afforestation in high-altitude areas [1][3][6] Group 1: Tree Gender Ratio - In the fragile alpine semi-arid region of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Valley, the gender ratio of trees significantly impacts the resilience of artificial forests [3] - Female willows and male poplars exhibit stronger adaptability under harsh conditions, challenging the common practice of planting only male trees for urban greening [3] - A scientifically balanced "gender ratio" can enhance the overall resilience of artificial forests by promoting complementary traits [3] Group 2: Soil Microorganisms - The health of forests is closely linked to soil microorganisms, which act as "invisible engineers" providing a stable underground network for plant roots [4] - Mixed planting of different tree species enhances the diversity and activity of soil microorganisms, improving soil fertility and carbon fixation [4] - The interaction between deep-rooted poplars and shallow-rooted willows creates a beneficial environment for microorganisms, which can suppress soil-borne diseases [4] Group 3: New Biological Agents - The threat of "poplar cancer," a disease causing bark rot and tree death, poses a significant risk to poplar plantations in the Tibetan Plateau [5] - A new biological agent derived from nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from local poplars has shown over 80% effectiveness in controlling this disease when combined with other management practices [5] Group 4: Sustainable Green Barriers - The ongoing research provides a new scientific perspective for the construction of artificial forests in the Tibetan Plateau and northern China [6] - The focus is shifting from merely increasing planting area to creating self-sustaining and self-renewing ecosystems through precise species and gender combinations [6] - The goal is to establish a stable and enduring green barrier that promotes ecological restoration and resilience [6]