【深度报道】从法规到量产，锚定汽车热系统革新之路

Core Insights - The automotive thermal management system is becoming a key determinant of vehicle performance amid the electrification wave, focusing on natural refrigerants like CO₂ and R290 to address challenges such as winter range reduction and tightening global environmental regulations [4][7][9]. Group 1: Industry Trends and Challenges - The 2025 China Automotive Supply Chain Conference will feature a dedicated session on key technologies in automotive thermal systems, emphasizing the application of natural refrigerants and the development of heat pump systems [4][6]. - The industry faces a pressing timeline, with regulations mandating a switch to refrigerants with a GWP value below 150 by 2029, necessitating collaborative R&D between vehicle manufacturers and component suppliers [7][9]. - The analysis of global compliance trends indicates that CO₂ (R744) is the only refrigerant that meets long-term regulatory requirements across major markets, providing a stable technical foundation for global strategies [9][12]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - Research on mixed refrigerants shows that while R290 excels in overall efficiency, R454C demonstrates significant advantages in extreme low-temperature heating conditions, suggesting a strategic transitional role for high-performance mixed refrigerants [12][18]. - Innovations in CO₂ systems, such as magnetic overcooling technology, aim to enhance energy efficiency and address industry bottlenecks [14]. - High-precision sealing and explosion-proof charging are critical for the mass production of R290 and CO₂ systems, ensuring reliability and safety [18]. Group 3: Key Components and Solutions - The reliability of CO₂ systems is paramount, with new standards exceeding European benchmarks in leakage rates and pressure resistance, achieved through innovative sealing technologies [22]. - The choice of compressor design is crucial, with dual-rotor structures being favored for CO₂ applications due to their performance advantages under high temperatures and pressures [24]. - Integration of functions in components, such as electronic valves, is being pursued to reduce costs and weight while enhancing system efficiency [26]. Group 4: Market and User Experience - The role of thermal management systems is evolving from passive functionality to active integration of user experience, with a focus on health and comfort features in vehicle cabins [38]. - Cost control strategies emphasize platform and component standardization to optimize quality and reduce expenses, with significant production volumes projected [40]. - Addressing user complaints regarding noise and vibration in HVAC systems is critical, highlighting the need for improved NVH development capabilities among component manufacturers [42]. Group 5: Future Directions - The future of HVAC systems is leaning towards multifunctional designs that integrate with vehicle architecture, responding to the unique demands of electric vehicles [44]. - AI technology is expected to revolutionize thermal management by optimizing user comfort and energy efficiency through advanced algorithms [46]. - The integration of refrigeration systems for both cabin climate control and additional functionalities, such as air quality management, is anticipated to become mainstream [50].