中经评论：农产品价格合理为何如此重要

Core Viewpoint - The central economic work conference emphasizes the need to maintain reasonable prices for important agricultural products, particularly in the context of projected increases in grain production by 168 billion pounds in 2025 compared to 2024 [1] Group 1: Price Regulation and Market Dynamics - The concept of a "reasonable level" for prices is dynamic and should balance the interests of producers and consumers, avoiding both excessively low prices that harm producers and excessively high prices that burden consumers [1][2] - Recent trends show a downward movement in agricultural prices since the second half of 2023, prompting authorities to enhance market regulation for key agricultural products [2] - The shift in regulatory focus has moved from merely addressing rapid price increases to also considering the risks of excessive price declines [2] Group 2: Considerations for Price Stability - Ensuring supply security is crucial, as China is the largest buyer in the global agricultural market, necessitating a focus on domestic production capacity [2] - Protecting farmers' livelihoods is essential, as over 30% of farmers' income comes from agricultural activities, particularly in major production areas [2] - Maintaining the achievements of poverty alleviation is vital, as low agricultural prices could lead to a return to poverty for previously lifted communities [2] Group 3: Agricultural Transformation and Support - Reasonable pricing can provide financial support for agricultural upgrades, fostering technological and industrial innovation [2] - The use of market-based risk management tools, such as futures and insurance, is encouraged to stabilize farmers' incomes [3] - Improving agricultural production conditions and enhancing the efficiency of supply chains are necessary for better market integration [3] Group 4: Focus on Key Agricultural Products - Important agricultural products include grains, cotton, oil, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables, tea, and fish, with a priority on grains and pork due to their significant impact on national food security and overall price levels [4] - Monitoring and regulating the prices of 28 essential vegetables and various meats is also critical, while not neglecting fruits and dairy products [4] - A strategic approach to imports is necessary to mitigate the impact of excessive foreign supply on domestic markets, requiring careful monitoring and timely responses [4]