通天“神作”：三星堆人的自然、图腾与祖先崇拜

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the unique cultural significance of the Sanxingdui archaeological site, highlighting its religious artifacts and the complex belief systems of the ancient civilization that created them [1]. Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Sanxingdui site has revealed eight burial pits containing a wealth of bronze, jade, and ivory artifacts, with distinct characteristics that allow them to be categorized into two groups [2][3]. - The burial pits show evidence of intentional burning, with many artifacts charred or deformed, suggesting a ritualistic context rather than a violent burial [4]. - The artifacts' stratified arrangement within the pits indicates a systematic approach to their burial, closely linked to ritual practices [5]. Group 2: Ritual Significance - Experts largely agree that the burial pits are associated with sacrificial activities, rather than being the result of a violent conflict [6][7]. - The concept of "yi mai" (burial for sacrifice) is referenced, indicating a cultural practice of interring offerings as part of religious ceremonies [5]. - Different interpretations exist regarding the nature of the pits, with some experts categorizing them as direct products of sacrificial activities, while others view them as burial sites for sacrificial artifacts [6]. Group 3: Belief Systems - The Sanxingdui culture exhibits three primary forms of worship: nature, totem, and ancestor worship, reflecting a rich spiritual life [8]. - Nature worship is exemplified by artifacts such as the bronze sacred tree and sun-shaped vessels, indicating a deep reverence for natural elements [9]. - Ancestor worship is represented by the unique "Zongmu" masks, which are believed to connect the living with their ancestors [10]. Group 4: Artistic Expression - The bronze sacred tree, standing at 396 cm, is noted as the largest of its kind discovered, symbolizing a connection between the earthly and divine realms [11]. - The intricate design of the sacred tree, featuring multiple branches and symbolic elements, showcases the advanced bronze casting techniques and artistic imagination of the Sanxingdui civilization [12].