宋雪涛：除掉AI的广义贡献，美国经济基本处于衰退边缘

Core Viewpoint - The expectation of a "weak labor supply" is misleading; excluding the broad contributions of AI, the US economy is essentially on the brink of recession [3][24]. Labor Market Dynamics - The US labor supply continues to recover, contributing to a rising unemployment rate, which is a concerning trend as it indicates a weakening "service-employment-income-consumption" chain [3][24]. - The unemployment rate is becoming a critical indicator for observing the US economy, with the Federal Reserve showing increased concern over the rising unemployment rate starting in the second half of 2025 [5][27]. - The labor supply situation is uneven, with "red states" experiencing growth while "blue states" see employment levels contracting, leading to a more alarming signal regarding economic sensitivity [5][27]. Employment Trends - The structure of non-farm payroll employment remains unbalanced, heavily reliant on the education and healthcare sectors, with other private sector job growth showing minimal positive changes [9][31]. - A significant reduction in government employment due to a buyout program has led to the lowest year-on-year growth rate since May 2021, while private sector job growth approaches a low point [11][32]. - The volatility in job creation and economic expectations is affecting the overall stability of the labor market, which is reflected in the high fluctuations of new employment figures [15][36]. Wage Growth and Economic Impact - Wage growth has slipped to 3.5% year-on-year, presenting challenges to purchasing power despite real wage growth remaining positive [16][37]. - The anticipated impact of interest rate cuts on employment appears to be overestimated, as the rising unemployment rate and limited job growth distribution indicate a weakening economic environment [18][40].