“大脑年龄”可以逆转，医生总结专属训练方案

Core Viewpoint - A recent study published in the Journal of Life Sciences indicates that targeted training in spatial navigation and language memory can reverse cognitive decline in older adults, despite the natural aging process that slows information processing speed after age 50 [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study involved 75 healthy participants aged 18-45, who underwent a 4-week cognitive training program focusing on spatial navigation and language memory [3]. - Participants in the navigation group improved their efficiency in learning new routes by 23.6%, reducing average task time from 142 seconds to 108 seconds [4]. - The memory group increased the number of correctly recalled words from 41 to 58, with improvements maintained at over 80% six months post-training [4]. Group 2: Cognitive Decline Stages - Cognitive decline is not uniform but occurs in stages, with early signs such as decreased attention span evident in individuals aged 60-69 [6]. - Short-term memory decline is noticeable in younger seniors, often manifesting as repetitive questioning or forgetfulness about recent events [7]. - The first signs of memory-related decline typically appear about two years before a formal Alzheimer's diagnosis, indicating a critical window for intervention [8][9]. Group 3: Intervention Strategies - Targeted memory training, such as associative and visual memory techniques, can effectively slow cognitive decline and prevent progression to more severe cognitive impairment [9]. - For mild cognitive impairment, low-intensity, repetitive exercises are recommended, alongside medication adherence [15][16]. - Resistance training has shown more significant cognitive improvement effects compared to aerobic exercise, with recommendations for three sessions per week, each lasting 30 minutes [17]. Group 4: Activities for Different Cognitive Levels - For individuals with mild dementia, simple cognitive games and sensory stimulation activities are suggested to engage the brain [20]. - Moderate dementia patients should focus on sensory experiences to activate the cerebral cortex, while severe patients should maintain basic life skills through assisted activities [20].