中国工程院院士贺克斌：中美欧正驱动全球新能源转型

Core Insights - The global investment landscape in renewable energy is being driven by three major economies: China, the United States, and the European Union [1] - The world economy is shifting from resource dependency on energy to a technological dependency, with the ability to develop a stable and large-scale renewable energy technology system being crucial for future economic leadership [1] - Key technological trends in global carbon neutrality are identified as "silicon energy, hydrogen energy, energy storage, and intelligence" [1] Group 1: Silicon Energy - Significant technological advancements have been made in the "silicon energy" sector, particularly in photovoltaic and wind energy, leading to large-scale applications [1] - China has established a leading position globally in the "silicon energy" sector [1] Group 2: Hydrogen Energy - The United States, Europe, and Japan are actively investing in hydrogen energy technologies, with the U.S. focusing on renewable energy-based hydrogen production and natural gas hydrogen production [1] - Despite the U.S. government's withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, investments in related technology research and development continue to grow [1] Group 3: Energy Storage - Energy storage is critical for addressing the volatility of renewable energy sources, with current technological bottlenecks primarily in long-duration energy storage [1] - Various laboratories and industries worldwide are making breakthroughs in energy storage technology, with many Chinese technologies leading the way [1] Group 4: Future Technologies - The construction of a new type of power system is essential for intelligent energy management, requiring interdisciplinary support from fields such as Earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, information sciences, and materials sciences [2] - Emerging disruptive technologies, such as high-altitude wind energy and nuclear fusion, are highlighted as having significant potential to reshape the current renewable energy landscape [2] - Low-cost carbon capture and efficient utilization of CO2 could create new opportunities in the energy sector [2]