明年面世的首批电动飞行出租车，运行模式或更接近飞机而非直升机

Core Viewpoint - The electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft industry is progressing, but the realization of fully operational eVTOLs in the U.S. will take several years, with current applications limited to traditional takeoff and landing methods for short-distance flights [2][3][4]. Industry Developments - The U.S. Department of Transportation has released a national strategic plan for the commercial eVTOL industry, including operational guidelines, with startups required to submit applications for a federal project by the end of the week [2][3]. - The U.S. government is supporting eVTOL development as part of its competition with China in key emerging technologies [3][11]. Company Strategies - Beta Technologies is focusing on a "two-step" strategy, prioritizing the commercialization of traditional takeoff and landing electric aircraft while deferring eVTOL technology for future application [4][12]. - Beta Technologies plans to launch the "Alia" traditional fixed-wing electric aircraft in the coming year, with the eVTOL version to follow later [5][13]. Market Challenges - The limited number of eVTOL passengers expected in the initial phase reflects the challenges startups face in aircraft certification and the lack of necessary infrastructure [3][11]. - Critics argue that the reliance on traditional takeoff methods indicates the immaturity of eVTOL technology, while proponents view it as a pragmatic approach given current infrastructure limitations [5][12]. Infrastructure Needs - The envisioned future includes numerous vertical takeoff and landing sites on rooftops in urban areas, equipped with small terminals and rapid battery charging capabilities [6][14]. - Current electric aircraft are limited to existing airports and traditional flight methods, with a range of approximately 50 miles, primarily serving as shuttles between airports and hospitals [6][14]. Competitive Landscape - Companies like Joby Aviation and Archer Aviation are competing in the eVTOL space, with Archer seeking dual certification for both eVTOL and traditional takeoff capabilities [3][15]. - Joby Aviation's acquisition of Blade Air Mobility has enhanced its infrastructure for eVTOL operations in New York and Long Island [6][14].