《科学》杂志评出2025年度十大突破 中国引领全球可再生能源发展居榜首

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - Global renewable energy, led by China, is rapidly growing, with solar and wind energy dominating the increase in power generation, surpassing fossil fuels in total output [2] - China is a key player in this transition, significantly expanding solar panel, wind turbine, and lithium battery storage systems, solidifying its global leadership [2] - The low-cost manufacturing in China has facilitated the rapid adoption of small rooftop photovoltaic systems, providing reliable and economical energy to millions of households in Europe, South Asia, and the Global South [2] Group 2: Genetic Research and Medical Advances - Customized gene editing has been successfully applied in treating a rare genetic disease in a human patient, marking a significant milestone for personalized gene therapy [3] - Two new drugs for gonorrhea have been approved by the FDA, representing the first new treatments for the disease in decades, with significant efficacy and safety profiles [4] - Research has shown that neurons can transfer mitochondria to cancer cells, enhancing their energy metabolism and promoting cancer metastasis, particularly in brain metastases [5] Group 3: Archaeological and Scientific Discoveries - The discovery of ancient human remains in Harbin has confirmed that they belong to Denisovans, providing insights into the appearance of this ancient human species [7] - The construction of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile will enable unprecedented astronomical observations, potentially discovering new celestial bodies and studying cosmic phenomena [6] Group 4: Agricultural Innovations - A key gene, QT12, has been identified by Chinese researchers that helps rice withstand high nighttime temperatures, leading to significant improvements in yield and quality under heat stress [12] - The introduction of this gene into commercial rice varieties has resulted in a 78% increase in yield under high-temperature conditions, with potential applications in other staple crops [12] Group 5: Advances in Physics and Technology - The final measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly has achieved unprecedented precision, surpassing previous records and highlighting the importance of lattice quantum chromodynamics in particle physics research [10] - Breakthroughs in xenotransplantation have been made, with genetically modified pig organs showing extended viability in human patients, bringing the field closer to clinical application [11] Group 6: AI in Scientific Research - Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in scientific research, achieving significant advancements in mathematics and biology, including the discovery of new drug candidates and solving long-standing problems [8][9]