《科学》杂志评出2025年度十大突破

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - Global renewable energy, led by China, is rapidly growing, with solar and wind energy dominating the increase in power generation [2] - China's large-scale development of solar panels, wind turbines, and lithium battery storage systems has solidified its leading position in the global renewable energy market [2] - The proliferation of low-cost rooftop photovoltaic systems in China is providing reliable and economical energy solutions for millions of households in Europe, South Asia, and the Global South [2] Group 2: Genetic Research and Medical Advances - Customized gene editing has been successfully applied in clinical settings for the first time, paving the way for treatments of other rare diseases [3] - Two new drugs for gonorrhea have been approved by the FDA, marking the first new treatments for the disease in decades, with significant efficacy and safety profiles [4] - Research has shown that neurons can transfer mitochondria to cancer cells, enhancing their energy metabolism and promoting cancer metastasis, particularly in brain metastases [5] Group 3: Archaeological and Scientific Discoveries - The discovery of the Harbin ancient human remains has confirmed that they belong to the Denisovans, solving a long-standing mystery regarding their appearance [7] - The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile will revolutionize astronomical observations by scanning the entire sky every three days for ten years, potentially discovering new celestial bodies and studying cosmic phenomena [6] Group 4: Advances in AI and Computational Research - Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in scientific research, achieving significant breakthroughs in mathematics and chemistry [8][9] - AI systems have rapidly identified new drug candidates for liver fibrosis and replicated complex biological mechanisms, showcasing the potential of AI in accelerating scientific discovery [9] Group 5: Transplantation Innovations - Key breakthroughs in xenotransplantation have been achieved, with genetically modified pig organs showing extended viability in human patients, bringing the field closer to clinical application [11] Group 6: Agricultural Biotechnology - Chinese researchers have identified the QT12 gene, which helps rice withstand high nighttime temperatures, leading to significant improvements in yield and quality under heat stress conditions [12]