【科技日报】《科学》杂志评出2025年度十大突破

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - Global renewable energy, led by China, is rapidly growing, with solar and wind energy dominating the increase in power generation, surpassing fossil fuels in total output [2] - China is a key player in this transition, significantly expanding solar panel, wind turbine, and lithium battery storage systems, solidifying its global leadership [2] - The low-cost manufacturing in China has facilitated the rapid adoption of small rooftop photovoltaic systems, providing reliable and economical energy for millions of households in Europe, South Asia, and the Global South [2] Group 2: Genetic Research and Medical Advances - Customized gene editing has been successfully applied in treating a rare genetic disease in a human patient, marking a significant milestone for personalized gene therapy [3] - Two new drugs for gonorrhea have been approved by the FDA, representing the first new treatments for the disease in decades, with significant efficacy and safety profiles [4] - A key gene, QT12, has been identified by Chinese researchers to help rice withstand high nighttime temperatures, leading to a 78% increase in yield under such conditions [13] Group 3: Archaeological and Scientific Discoveries - The discovery of the Harbin ancient human remains has confirmed them as Denisovans, providing insights into their appearance and lineage [9] - The construction of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile will enable unprecedented astronomical observations, potentially leading to discoveries of new celestial bodies and insights into dark matter and energy [8] Group 4: Advances in Physics and Transplantation - The final measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly has achieved unprecedented precision, enhancing the understanding of particle physics [11] - Significant breakthroughs in xenotransplantation have been made, with genetically engineered pig organs showing extended viability in human patients, moving closer to clinical application [12] Group 5: AI in Scientific Research - Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in scientific research, achieving breakthroughs in mathematics, chemistry, and biology, thus enhancing research efficiency and discovery [10]