中国工程院院士陈学东：制造业是立国之本、强国之基

Core Insights - The 2026 Financial Annual Conference and 2025 Global Wealth Management Forum will be held in Beijing from December 18-20, 2025, focusing on predictions and strategies for the future [3][12] - Since the launch of the manufacturing powerhouse strategy in 2015, China's manufacturing sector has achieved historic milestones, maintaining its position as the world's largest manufacturing country for 15 consecutive years, with manufacturing value added and global share leading the world [3][12] Manufacturing Achievements - Significant achievements include the emergence of high-end equipment such as large aircraft, nuclear power, and high-speed rail, injecting strong momentum into new productive forces [3][12] - The weak situation of the "five basics" in the industrial foundation has been initially alleviated, and the resilience of the industrial chain has significantly improved [3][12] Core Shortcomings - The core shortcoming of China's manufacturing is its "large but not strong" status, characterized by weak independent innovation capabilities and a lack of original, disruptive, and transformative technological achievements [4][13] - Industrial foundational capabilities need further enhancement, with critical shortcomings still present, and some supply chains lacking autonomy and control [5][14] - Energy consumption levels in manufacturing still lag behind developed countries, despite significant progress in recent years, necessitating rapid promotion of energy-saving, pollution-reducing, and carbon-reducing technologies [6][14] - The application level of digital, networked, and intelligent technologies in traditional production methods and processes requires further improvement [7][15] - The level of coordinated development between industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization needs to be enhanced [8][16] - There is a need to expand international open-sharing cooperation space [9][16] - There is a shortage of engineers and skilled talent in the manufacturing sector, with an unreasonable structure [10][17] Future Directions - To address development challenges and seize global industrial high ground, eight major fields and 30 significant technological breakthrough directions have been identified for the 14th Five-Year Plan, covering key areas such as new-generation information technology, new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, life and health, space and ocean, agriculture, and environment [9][17] - Artificial intelligence is expected to form a super application ecosystem by 2030, with industry models and vertical general intelligent agents emerging, and L3-level autonomous driving becoming widespread, opening up a market space of 10 trillion [9][17] - Bio-manufacturing will leverage its clean and efficient advantages to break through core technologies in biocatalysts and high-end medical materials, driving the explosion of trillion-level industries in innovative drugs, bio-based materials, and cellular agriculture [10][18] - The hydrogen energy sector will break through low-cost water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, forming a "hydrogen-electricity complementarity" energy pattern [10][18] - The new materials sector will focus on carbon-based materials, metamaterials, and superconducting materials to build an internationally leading materials industry system [11][19] - The manufacturing industry is emphasized as the foundation of the nation and the basis for national strength, with only 10 years remaining to achieve the goal of becoming a manufacturing powerhouse [10][19]