白春礼：企业基础研究决定产业优势的长久性

Core Viewpoint - The importance of fundamental research is increasingly recognized as a key driver of national competitiveness and industrial advantages, necessitating a shift in how enterprises approach and invest in this area [4][5][6]. Group 1: Importance of Fundamental Research - Fundamental research is becoming the "first move" in industrial competition and a "source project" for national competitiveness, as international competition shifts focus to foundational theories and key mechanisms [4][8]. - The boundary between technological innovation and industrial innovation is blurring, with shorter cycles for translating fundamental breakthroughs into industrial applications [10][11]. - Enterprises are evolving into primary players in the national innovation system, with increasing capabilities in decision-making, R&D investment, and the commercialization of research outcomes [11][12]. Group 2: Changes in Enterprise Perception and Involvement - Enterprises are beginning to view fundamental research as a "core competitive asset," leading to a more systematic and internalized approach to research [14][15]. - There is a trend towards enterprises making original contributions in fundamental research, as seen in advancements like AlphaFold, which signifies a shift in the role of enterprises from merely applying science to actively shaping scientific inquiry [15][16]. - The resource allocation for fundamental research within enterprises is changing, with significant investments being made in areas like AI and biotechnology, reflecting a commitment to long-term foundational research [16][17]. Group 3: Current Challenges in Fundamental Research - Despite progress, the proportion of funding for fundamental research remains low, with only 6.9% of total R&D expenditure in China allocated to this area, compared to higher percentages in countries like the US and UK [18][19]. - Enterprises are the main executors of R&D but are underinvesting in fundamental research, with only about 1% of their R&D spending directed towards it [18][19]. - There are systemic barriers to enterprise involvement in fundamental research, including unstable expectations, risk-sharing challenges, and insufficient organizational capabilities [19][20]. Group 4: Recommendations for Enhancing Enterprise Involvement - Integrate enterprise fundamental research into national strategic tasks to create stable support and long-term arrangements [21][22]. - Develop effective incentive and risk-sharing mechanisms to encourage long-term investments in fundamental research [22][23]. - Foster collaboration between research institutions and enterprises to build a platform for innovation that addresses key industrial challenges [22][23]. - Reform talent supply and evaluation systems to support enterprises in fundamental research, emphasizing long-term contributions and original breakthroughs [23][24].