智通财经网·2025-12-19 13:41Core Viewpoint - Fitch predicts that despite lithium prices rebounding to over $11,500 per ton in late November (a 38% increase for the second half of 2025), a weak price trend will persist until 2026 due to multiple complex factors affecting production in a fragmented and maturing market [1] Supply and Demand Dynamics - Fitch expects the lithium market to remain oversupplied in 2026 unless there are significant and sustained capacity reductions. Wood Mackenzie forecasts that the surplus of battery-grade lithium chemicals will expand to 153,000 tons (in lithium carbonate equivalent) by 2026 and further to 207,000 tons in 2027 [2] - The short-term supply-demand balance is contingent on supply reductions, influenced by lagging electric vehicle demand and ongoing policy uncertainties [2] Stock Performance - Year-to-date, lithium-related stocks have shown mixed performance. Canadian lithium developer Standard Lithium (SLI.US) has seen its stock price increase by nearly 250%, while larger producers like Lithium Americas (LAC.US) and Sociedad Química y Minera (SQM.US) have also achieved significant gains. In contrast, industry giants like Albemarle (ALB.US) have underperformed amid weak lithium prices and increased sector volatility [2] - The Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF has risen 56% year-to-date, partly driven by tariff and trade war-related news [2] Supply Chain Dynamics - The rapidly changing battery technology market, including alternative materials to lithium, may erode expected stable demand. China remains the largest end market (accounting for 64% of total demand) and a dominant processing center, with new market entrants forming strategic partnerships with governments to secure key mineral resources [4] Capital Allocation Discipline - Lithium producers tracked by Fitch are prioritizing balance sheet resilience and rating buffer space before 2026. Albemarle (rated BBB- with a stable outlook) has issued convertible bonds to repay through stock issuance during market upcycles. Sociedad Química y Minera (rated AA(cl)) is responding to pressures by slowing growth capital expenditures and limiting free cash flow consumption [4] - Mineral Resources (MALRF.US) (rated BB- with a stable outlook) has sold a 15% stake in its lithium assets to raise cash for early debt repayment while cutting capital expenditures [4] M&A Opportunities - The challenging industry environment continues to create opportunities for capital-strong large mining companies seeking to diversify their businesses or secure key mineral resources. For instance, Rio Tinto (RIO.US) has been active in lithium project opportunities and is nearing entry into the top five global lithium producers, narrowing the gap with Albemarle and Sociedad Química y Minera [5]