宝石与光的奇幻恋歌,远不止火彩

Core Viewpoint - The article explores various optical phenomena in gemstones, highlighting their unique visual effects and the science behind them. Group 1: Color Change Effect - The color change effect is described as the "color magician" of gemstones, where the surface displays varying colors and shades depending on the light source and viewing angle [1] - Opal is identified as a typical representative of the color change effect, particularly the Australian Lightning Ridge opal, which showcases a spectrum of colors when rotated [1] - The unique visual effect of opal is attributed to the regular arrangement of tiny silica spheres inside, which diffract and interfere with light [1] Group 2: Cat's Eye Effect - The cat's eye effect is characterized by a bright band of light appearing on the surface of certain gemstones when cut into a cabochon shape [2] - The golden cat's eye stone is noted as a prime example, with a famous specimen found in an ancient mine in Sri Lanka, displaying a golden light band [2] - The effect is caused by numerous parallel needle-like inclusions within the gemstone that reflect light [2] Group 3: Star Effect - The star effect is likened to stars shining in the night sky, where gemstones containing multiple sets of parallel inclusions or fibers exhibit intersecting bright lines under light [2] - Rubies and sapphires are highlighted for their "six-ray star effect," with a notable large ruby discovered in Myanmar displaying six bright star lines [2] Group 4: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence - Phosphorescence and fluorescence are categorized under photonic effects in gemstones, where internal electrons shift to produce light [2] - Phosphorescence allows gemstones to continue glowing after the external energy source is removed, exemplified by "night pearls" like fluorite [2] - Fluorescence occurs only while the gemstone is under a specific light source, with diamonds, rubies, and amber being notable examples, serving as important identification information in gemology [2]