全球能源效率仍需持续改善

Core Insights - In 2025, over 250 new energy efficiency policies are expected to be implemented globally, highlighting the increasing importance of energy security and economic development strategies among major economies [1] - The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects a global energy efficiency improvement of 1.8% in 2025, up from approximately 1% in 2024, with significant reductions in energy intensity expected in China (over 3.5%) and India (over 4%) [1] - Despite positive trends, achieving the global energy efficiency improvement target for 2030 remains challenging, with the average annual improvement rate since 2019 at only 1.3%, far below the COP28 target of 4% [2] Group 1: Current Energy Efficiency Status - The IEA indicates that without energy efficiency improvements since 2010, greenhouse gas emissions would have increased by 20%, emphasizing energy efficiency as a key driver for future emissions reduction [1] - Energy efficiency measures since 2000 have reduced household energy expenditures in developed economies by at least 20%, while the value created per unit of industrial energy consumption has increased by 20% since 2000 [1] Group 2: Challenges to Energy Efficiency Improvement - Four key factors are hindering global energy efficiency improvements: 1. Slowing improvements in energy intensity within industrial sectors, with two-thirds of global energy demand growth concentrated in industries since 2019 [3] 2. Rapid technological advancements in energy efficiency not being matched by updated efficiency standards, leading to the continued market presence of high-energy-consuming products [3] 3. Increased electricity demand driven by the proliferation of cooling devices, particularly in emerging economies, with space cooling energy consumption growing at an average rate of 4% per year since 2000 [3] 4. Global electricity demand growth outpacing overall energy demand growth by 2 to 3 times since 2019, necessitating the use of less efficient fossil fuel power generation in some regions [3] Group 3: Investment and Employment Trends - Global investment in energy efficiency is projected to approach $800 billion in 2025, a 6% increase from the previous year and over 70% since 2015, although public spending plans are being curtailed in some regions due to budget constraints [4] - The energy efficiency sector is expected to employ nearly 18 million people globally in 2024, but faces challenges related to labor shortages and skill gaps, with most workers concentrated in China, the EU, and the US [4] Group 4: Policy and Regulatory Developments - More countries are recognizing the strategic importance of improving energy efficiency, with 70% of nations having established energy efficiency policies by 2024, and further commitments made by over 50 countries ahead of COP30 [4] - Two urgent areas for policy improvement include updating existing standards to reflect technological advancements and enhancing regulatory oversight in key policy areas where gaps exist [5] - Strengthening energy efficiency actions is crucial for global sustainability, climate change response, and enhancing industrial competitiveness, as emphasized by the IEA [5]