司马迁笔下的“市场经济”

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses Sima Qian's insights on market economy as presented in "Shiji," emphasizing the inevitability of economic development and the pursuit of a better life by the people [1][2]. Group 1: Economic Development - Sima Qian argues that once a society reaches a certain level of economic development, it cannot revert to previous states, indicating that attempts to restore ancient ways are impractical [1]. - He believes that the pursuit of a better life by the people is unstoppable, as desires for comfort and enjoyment have been ingrained in society since ancient times [1]. Group 2: Production and Market Regulation - Sima Qian posits that human desires drive and promote production across various sectors, suggesting that market forces naturally regulate what and how goods are produced [1]. - He emphasizes that the production activities of farmers, workers, and merchants are essential for both national and familial wealth, illustrating this with historical examples [1]. Group 3: Wealth and Social Values - According to Sima Qian, only when people are affluent can they appreciate social etiquette and discern honor from disgrace, a concept he attributes to Guan Zhong [2]. - He notes that the fear of poverty is universal, affecting all social classes, and highlights that even the highest ranks fear poverty, indicating its pervasive impact on society [2]. Group 4: Market Economy Comparison - Sima Qian's concept of market economy, while rooted in feudal society, shares fundamental characteristics with modern market economies, such as the law of value [2]. - The article reflects on how contemporary understanding of market economy has evolved beyond Sima Qian's time, acknowledging the limitations of past economic thought [2].