东西问｜杨娜：科技让西藏布达拉宫在开放与保护中平衡

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the balance between the preservation and accessibility of the Potala Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage site, through the application of technology in structural monitoring and protection efforts [3][6]. Group 1: Structural Monitoring Systems - The Potala Palace has implemented a series of structural monitoring systems over the years, starting with the first phase in 2012, focusing on the wooden structures within the palace [6]. - The second phase of the monitoring system was launched in 2020, expanding the scope to include the earth embankments, walls, and caves, with a total of 388 sensors deployed [7]. - A mountain monitoring system was established in 2023 to track groundwater presence and subsidence in the area, creating a comprehensive monitoring network [6][7]. Group 2: Impact of Visitor Load - Data collected from the monitoring systems indicate that the wooden structures of the Potala Palace respond dynamically to visitor loads, particularly during peak tourist seasons [9]. - The introduction of a Monday closure policy starting December 2025 is based on nearly 20 years of structural monitoring data, aimed at allowing the palace to "rest" and recover from visitor impacts [9][10]. - The visitor capacity limits set for the palace are also informed by structural monitoring data and the building's spatial reception capabilities [10]. Group 3: Technological Integration - The first phase of the monitoring system includes a sensor system that utilizes optical signal transmission to avoid fire hazards, with millions of data points collected over 12 years [7]. - The second phase incorporates IoT technology, allowing for real-time data management and assessment of the building's structural status [7]. - The experience gained from the Potala Palace's monitoring systems is being shared internationally, with ongoing collaborations and research exchanges to enhance ancient building protection methods [11]. Group 4: Future Directions - The protection strategies developed for the Potala Palace are seen as having potential for broader application in the preservation of ancient buildings globally, though adaptations are necessary based on specific architectural and environmental contexts [11]. - The ongoing innovation in technology, including AI applications for data analysis, is expected to further enhance the effectiveness of structural monitoring and preservation efforts [11].