“美国治下的和平”时代落幕，德日转型折射新秩序不确定性

Group 1 - The era of "Pax Americana" is coming to an end, with the U.S. increasingly acting in its own interests and showing a lack of commitment to traditional allies, particularly in Europe [1][2] - The U.S. has shifted its strategic focus away from Europe, leading to a significant decline in its influence and commitments in the region, which is now facing a new reality of "lack of external guarantees" [4][5] - Germany is taking a proactive stance to fill the security leadership vacuum in Europe, emphasizing the need for European nations to assume their own security responsibilities without relying on the U.S. [5][6] Group 2 - The U.S. National Security Strategy of 2025 indicates a fundamental shift in the U.S.-Europe relationship, highlighting a divergence in strategic perceptions regarding Russia and a questioning of Europe's political stability [3][4] - Germany is significantly increasing its defense budget and military capabilities, aiming to enhance its role in European security, with plans to have over 260,000 active and reserve military personnel by 2035 [6] - Japan is also adjusting its national security strategy, moving towards a more proactive military stance and increasing defense spending to fill the gaps left by the U.S.'s diminishing security commitments in the Asia-Pacific region [7]