持续腹泻、便血，小心溃疡性结肠炎

Core Insights - The article discusses the case of a woman diagnosed with severe ulcerative colitis, highlighting the chronic and recurrent nature of the disease, which is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [1][2] - It emphasizes the importance of dietary management for patients with ulcerative colitis to control symptoms and prevent relapses [2] Group 1: Disease Overview - Ulcerative colitis is characterized by non-specific inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, typically starting from the rectum and potentially affecting the entire colon [1] - The peak age of onset in China is between 20 to 49 years, with the exact causes still unclear, though environmental, genetic, gut microbiota, and immune factors are believed to contribute [1] Group 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Typical symptoms of ulcerative colitis include recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucus or bloody stools, with severe cases presenting fever, fatigue, and anemia [2] - Some patients may also experience extraintestinal manifestations such as joint pain and pyoderma gangrenosum [2] Group 3: Dietary Management - Dietary management is crucial for controlling the condition, with key principles being a gentle, easily digestible, and nutritionally balanced diet [2] - Foods to avoid include: - Irritating spices: chili, pepper, garlic, mustard [4] - Hard-to-digest foods: fried foods, barbecued items, hard legumes, and high-fiber vegetables [5] - Cold foods: ice cream, chilled drinks, raw fish, and cold dishes [6] - Gas-producing foods: legumes, onions, cabbage, and carbonated drinks, which may exacerbate bloating [7] - Alcohol and tobacco should be strictly avoided as they can irritate the intestinal mucosa and increase the risk of disease relapse [7]