美国能在2028年前重返月球吗

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and uncertainties surrounding the Artemis program, which aims to return humans to the Moon by 2028, highlighting political, managerial, and technical issues that may hinder progress [1][4]. Group 1: Political and Managerial Challenges - The appointment of Jared Isaacman, a private astronaut with no prior federal experience, as the head of NASA raises concerns about potential conflicts of interest, particularly due to his close ties with Elon Musk and SpaceX [2][3]. - The Artemis program requires stable political support and funding, but the current polarized political climate in the U.S. poses risks to long-term projects, as evidenced by a recent 43-day government shutdown that halted most NASA operations [4]. - Historical comparisons show that NASA's budget has significantly decreased from over 4% of federal spending during the Apollo era to just 0.2% today, indicating a lack of broad national consensus and support for ambitious space missions [4]. Group 2: Technical and Progress Issues - The Artemis program is significantly behind schedule, with at least 8 out of 13 critical tasks reported to be severely delayed, primarily due to reliance on multiple contractors and technical design flaws [5][6]. - Specific issues include the Orion spacecraft's design defects and delays in the Space Launch System, which have raised concerns about the feasibility of meeting the 2028 deadline for a crewed lunar landing [5][6]. - NASA has indicated plans to reopen contracts for the Artemis 3 lunar lander due to delays from SpaceX, suggesting a shift towards involving more companies in the project to mitigate risks [5].