徐念沙：机械工业挺起制造强国脊梁

Core Viewpoint - The mechanical industry has achieved significant progress during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, laying a solid foundation for high-quality development and setting the stage for the upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" [1][4]. Group 1: Industry Growth and Scale - The number of large-scale enterprises in the mechanical industry increased from 92,000 at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 137,000 by October 2025 [1]. - The total assets of these enterprises grew from 26.5 trillion yuan to 41.7 trillion yuan [1]. - In 2024, the operating revenue of large-scale enterprises is expected to exceed 31.5 trillion yuan, accounting for 22.9% of the national industrial revenue, an increase of 1.4 percentage points compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [1]. - The import and export volume of the mechanical industry has exceeded 1 trillion USD for five consecutive years, reaching 1.17 trillion USD in 2024 [1]. Group 2: Innovation and R&D - R&D expenditure in the mechanical industry has shown a steady increase since 2020, with a total of 763.56 billion yuan expected in 2024, representing an investment intensity of 2.4% [2]. - By September 2025, there are 527 champion enterprises and over 5,000 "specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative" small giants in the mechanical industry [2]. Group 3: Industrial Foundation and Upgrades - The industry has made strides in achieving self-sufficiency in core components, with breakthroughs in technologies such as wind power gearboxes and high-performance fasteners for high-speed rail and nuclear power [2]. - The quality of mechanical products has improved, with the national supervision sampling pass rate rising from 87.5% in 2021 to 92.1% in 2024 [3]. - The digital design tool penetration rate in the mechanical industry exceeded 90% by 2024, with over 80 enterprises recognized as excellent smart factories [3]. Group 4: Strategic Directions for Future Development - The industry aims to strengthen innovation-driven development, focusing on overcoming key core technologies and enhancing the safety and resilience of supply chains [4][5]. - There is a push for structural adjustments to foster new productive forces, emphasizing the integration of artificial intelligence and promoting high-end, intelligent, green, and integrated transformations [4][5]. - The industry will enhance its international competitiveness by fostering collaboration among enterprises and promoting the "going out" strategy for Chinese equipment, technology, standards, and services [5].