《自然》：2025年，这七大科学故事令人振奋

Group 1: Environmental and Conservation Achievements - Strong conservation measures have led to the recovery of endangered species, such as the green sea turtle, which has been reclassified as "least concern" by the IUCN due to efforts in egg protection and reduced bycatch [2] - The ozone layer over Antarctica has shown significant recovery, shrinking to its smallest size since 2019, attributed to the effective control of chlorofluorocarbon emissions following the Montreal Protocol [4] Group 2: Renewable Energy Developments - Renewable energy has surpassed coal to become the largest source of electricity globally, with China leading the way by surpassing 1 billion kilowatts of installed photovoltaic capacity and adding 256 gigawatts in the first half of the year [3] - The EU has seen approximately half of its electricity demand met by renewable sources in the second and third quarters of the year, indicating a significant shift towards clean energy [3] Group 3: Medical and Health Innovations - The approval of the first malaria treatment for infants by the WHO marks a significant step towards combating malaria, especially as 75% of malaria deaths occur in children under five [9] - A new gene therapy targeting Huntington's disease has shown a 75% reduction in cognitive decline, while another therapy has effectively treated aggressive blood cancer, showcasing advancements in genetic medicine [5] - The rapid containment of the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo within 42 days demonstrates the effectiveness of swift medical responses and vaccination strategies [7][8] Group 4: Allergy and Public Health Improvements - The peanut allergy rate among American children has significantly decreased by 43% since 2012, attributed to new guidelines encouraging early introduction of peanut products [10]