全链条技术突破让“一粒种子”实现精准设计

Core Insights - China's research team has achieved a full-chain technological breakthrough in seed precision design, enabling simultaneous goals of increased yield, reduced fertilizer use, and disaster resistance [1][2] - The project, initiated in November 2019, has produced 37 leading varieties and promoted 14.48 million acres of new crop varieties [1] - The research has led to significant advancements in both rice and wheat varieties, with specific examples showing yield increases of over 20% and the introduction of new disease-resistant strains [1][2] Summary by Categories Technological Breakthroughs - The project "Seed Precision Design and Creation" has successfully utilized innovative multi-gene editing technology to create high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties [1] - A new breeding system has been established for aquaculture, resulting in improved growth rates and feed efficiency in new carp strains [2] Crop Varieties and Yield Improvements - In the Northeast rice region, the variety "Zhongke Fa 5" has achieved over a 20% yield increase compared to local premium varieties [1] - The "Zhongke Fa Early Jing 1" variety has marked a breakthrough in double-season early japonica rice, allowing for earlier market availability of high-quality rice [1] Environmental and Economic Impact - The new wheat variety "Zhongke 166" has been promoted on nearly 1.5 million acres, significantly reducing pesticide use [2] - The nitrogen-efficient gene OsTCP19 has been cloned, allowing rice to maintain stable yields with a 20% to 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer [2] Strategic Importance - The successful implementation of this project exemplifies the advantages of China's new type of national system, addressing major national needs and laying a solid technological foundation for transitioning from a major seed industry country to a strong seed industry country [2]