文学批评应然之路——从强制阐释、过度阐释回归本体阐释

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and issues in Chinese literary criticism, particularly the phenomena of "forced interpretation" and "over-interpretation" that arise from the influence of Western literary theories on Chinese literature [1][4]. Group 1: Forced Interpretation - Forced interpretation is defined as a deviation from the text's discourse, where literary texts are interpreted according to the subjective intentions and conclusions of the interpreter, often leading to misinterpretations [2]. - Three characteristics of forced interpretation include: 1. External appropriation, where theories from outside the literary field are forcibly applied, resulting in misinterpretations [2]. 2. Subjective preconception, where the original meaning of the text is ignored, and interpretations are made to fit preconceived notions [2]. 3. Non-logical proof, where reasoning contradicts logical principles, leading to erroneous conclusions [2]. Group 2: Over-Interpretation - Over-interpretation refers to the phenomenon where researchers derive meanings that do not exist in the text based on personal experiences, often leading to exaggerated interpretations [4]. - The article highlights that over-interpretation can lead to absurd conclusions, such as attributing modern psychological concepts to classical literature without proper context [4][5]. Group 3: Differences and Commonalities - The difference between forced interpretation and over-interpretation lies in their approach: forced interpretation uses external theories to validate pre-existing beliefs, while over-interpretation remains within the literary field but stretches meanings beyond the text [5]. - Both phenomena result in a loss of the original essence of literature, moving beyond established meanings [5]. Group 4: Proposed Solutions - The article advocates for a return to "ontological interpretation," which focuses on the text's inherent meaning without preconceived notions, emphasizing a more accurate and objective reading of literature [6]. - It suggests building a unique knowledge system that reflects Chinese characteristics while being open to international perspectives, thus avoiding blind reliance on Western theories [6][7]. - The integration of digital humanities and innovative criticism methods is encouraged to develop a comprehensive model for literary criticism that aligns with contemporary needs [7].