科学与健康|实现精准设计！科研新范式打造种业“中国芯”

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant breakthroughs achieved in China's seed industry through the "Seed Precision Design and Creation" project, which has been ongoing for six years and aims to enhance food security and agricultural modernization [2][3]. Group 1: Achievements of the Seed Project - The project has achieved a comprehensive breakthrough in precision breeding, covering theory, technology, and products, leading to a 10% to 20% increase in yield, a 15% to 20% reduction in input, and a 15% to 20% reduction in losses for various plant and animal varieties [3]. - The "Zhongke Fa" series of rice, developed for specific regions, has shown over a 20% yield increase compared to local varieties, with "Zhongke Fa 5" achieving over 600 kg per mu in saline-alkali land [3]. - A total of 37 leading varieties have been created under the "one increase, two reductions" model, with 14.48 million mu of new crop varieties promoted, demonstrating significant socio-economic benefits [3]. Group 2: Addressing Challenges in Food Security - The project has developed advanced multi-gene editing technologies that allow for the creation of high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties, marking a significant achievement in crop genetic editing [4]. - A comprehensive pan-genome map for soybeans has been created, leading to the development of ten new high-yield, high-nutrition soybean varieties to address the challenges of high import volumes and low domestic production [4]. - The project has also pioneered a new method for rapid domestication of wild rice, providing strategic technological reserves for global food security [4]. Group 3: Innovations in Agricultural Practices - The project has transformed breeding from a lengthy, unpredictable process into a precise, programmable, and customizable research endeavor, addressing key agricultural issues such as excessive fertilizer use and pest outbreaks [6]. - The "Zhongke 166" high-yield wheat variety has been developed to maintain stable yields with a 20% to 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer, significantly reducing pesticide usage [6]. - The "Zhongke 6" candidate variety of silver crucian carp has shown a 25% increase in growth rate and a 66.5% increase in survival rate compared to its predecessor, demonstrating advancements in aquaculture [6].