高产优质的密码是什么？从作物到水产，中国科学院种子专项取得全链条突破

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has made significant breakthroughs in seed precision design and creation, aiming to enhance crop yields and reduce resource inputs through innovative breeding techniques [1][9]. Group 1: Achievements in Crop Breeding - The initiative focuses on major crops like rice and wheat, targeting a yield increase of 10% to 20%, a reduction in input costs by 15% to 20%, and a decrease in losses by 15% to 20% [1]. - Researchers have developed a nitrogen-efficient rice variety that maintains stable yields even with a 20% to 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer, addressing the issue of excessive fertilizer use [1][2]. - A new high-yield wheat variety, "Zhongke 166," has been created with broad-spectrum resistance to diseases, significantly reducing pesticide usage and covering nearly 1.5 million acres [5]. Group 2: Innovations in Genetic Editing - The research team has successfully integrated disease resistance traits into 13 major wheat varieties using advanced genome editing techniques, achieving the first biosafety certificate for gene-edited staple crops in China [5][6]. - A novel approach to domesticate wild rice has been developed, potentially shortening the domestication process from thousands of years to just a few years [6]. Group 3: Developments in Aquaculture - The introduction of the "Zhongke 6" silver crucian carp variety has shown a 25% increase in growth rate and a 66.5% improvement in survival rates compared to previous strains [7]. - The breeding program has produced 37 leading varieties that enhance yield, nitrogen efficiency, and disease resistance, with a total of 14.48 million acres of new crop varieties promoted [9]. Group 4: Future Directions - The initiative emphasizes the importance of establishing an independent and innovative agricultural science system to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural development [9].