慢阻肺患者这样过冬

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the challenges faced by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients during winter, particularly the "Nine Cold Days" period, and outlines strategies for effective self-management to navigate this season safely [2][3]. Group 1: Winter Challenges for COPD Patients - COPD patients account for over 30% of hospitalizations due to acute exacerbations of respiratory diseases in winter [2] - Cold air can trigger bronchospasm and increase respiratory resistance, while viruses and air pollution are more prevalent during this season [2] Group 2: Treatment Strategies - The latest treatment approach recommends early use of dual bronchodilators (LAMA+LABA) and triple therapy with inhaled steroids for patients with a history of exacerbations [3] - Patients should carry rescue medications but should seek medical advice if they need to use them more than twice a week, indicating insufficient maintenance therapy [3] Group 3: Immunization and Oxygen Therapy - Vaccination is crucial for preventing infections that can lead to acute exacerbations, with recommendations for flu, pneumococcal, shingles, and Tdap vaccines [4] - Long-term home oxygen therapy is essential for patients with chronic respiratory failure, and it should be used during daily activities to improve overall function [4] Group 4: Recognizing Early Signs of Exacerbation - Patients should learn to identify early signs of exacerbation, such as increased cough, sputum changes, and difficulty breathing, and monitor objective indicators like oxygen saturation [5][6] - Immediate action is advised if any signs of exacerbation occur, as timely intervention is critical for preserving lung function [6] Group 5: Lifestyle and Emotional Well-being - Keeping warm and wearing masks outdoors are essential for respiratory protection, along with maintaining a suitable indoor environment [7] - Emotional health is also important; social interactions and seeking professional help for persistent anxiety or depression can enhance treatment adherence and overall well-being [8]