创建精准设计育种新范式——中国科学院发布系列科研成果

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has announced a series of breakthroughs in seed precision design and creation, aimed at enhancing national food security and revitalizing the seed industry in China [1][6] - The "Seed Precision Design and Creation" project has achieved systematic breakthroughs across theory, technology, and products over six years, introducing new theories, developing new technologies, and launching new products [1] Group 1: Genetic Innovations - Scientists have identified the nitrogen-efficient gene OsTCP19, allowing rice to maintain yield while reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20%-30%, potentially initiating a new "green revolution" [1] - The research team discovered the "treasure gene" Pm24, which provides broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew and wheat scab, and successfully bred a high-yield wheat variety "Zhongke 166" resistant to scab [2] - A team developed a multi-gene editing technology that enables simultaneous editing of multiple genes, creating a new wheat variety that is both disease-resistant and high-yielding, breaking the traditional breeding limitations [3] Group 2: Comprehensive Agricultural Solutions - The project has developed a leading soybean pan-genome map and a powerful big data platform, SoyOmics, enabling precise aggregation of desirable traits in soybean varieties, resulting in the creation of ten new high-yield, high-nutrition soybean varieties [4] - An innovative "double triploid" concept in aquaculture has led to the establishment of a new breeding technology system, producing a candidate fish variety "Zhongke 6" that shows significant improvements in yield, disease resistance, and feed efficiency [4] - The "Zhongke Fa" series of rice varieties integrates high yield, quality, disease resistance, and adaptability, achieving over 20% yield increase in Northeast China and breaking 600 kg per mu in saline-alkali land [5][6] Group 3: Industry Impact - The successful implementation of the seed precision design project marks a transition for China from a seed industry follower to a leader in certain areas, establishing a complete and controllable technology system in precision breeding [6]