谭琦璐：用好系统思维守护蓝色家园

Core Viewpoint - The protection of marine ecological environment is crucial for sustainable development, with China's marine development index projected to grow and marine GDP surpassing 10 trillion yuan in 2024, indicating a stable marine economy [1][2]. Group 1: Marine Development Index and Economic Growth - In 2024, China's marine development index is expected to reach 129.7, reflecting a 2.9% increase from the previous year [1]. - The national marine GDP is projected to exceed 10 trillion yuan, marking a 5.9% growth compared to the previous year, indicating a positive trend in the marine economy [1]. Group 2: Marine Ecological Environment Protection Efforts - China has emphasized marine ecological environment protection through the implementation of the Marine Environmental Protection Law and subsequent amendments, transitioning towards integrated land-sea governance [2]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" for marine ecological environment protection establishes a governance framework at national, provincial, municipal, and bay levels, along with a planning system for various marine spaces [2]. - Major ecological protection and restoration projects have been outlined, including the "Blue Bay" initiative and coastal restoration efforts [2]. Group 3: Existing Challenges in Marine Ecological Protection - Significant issues persist in marine ecological protection, such as high pressure on ecosystems, severe eutrophication, and prominent land-based pollution, including plastic waste [3]. - The integration of protection and development is insufficient, with rigid ecological constraints lacking, leading to challenges in collaborative governance and management [3]. Group 4: Future Directions for Marine Ecological Protection - A systematic approach is needed to enhance the quality, functionality, and resilience of marine ecosystems, focusing on biodiversity and habitat restoration [3]. - Pollution governance should adopt a land-sea coordination strategy, addressing pollution from rivers and coastal areas while establishing long-term mechanisms for marine waste management [3]. - Disaster risk prevention capabilities must be improved, leveraging coastal ecosystems to mitigate disaster impacts and enhancing monitoring and early warning systems [4]. Group 5: Collaborative Governance Mechanisms - Strengthening land-sea coordination is essential, with a focus on key bays and river estuaries, establishing cross-departmental and cross-regional collaboration mechanisms [4]. - A multi-faceted environmental governance structure should be developed, incorporating government leadership, market guidance, and public participation, while integrating marine ecological protection outcomes into local government performance assessments [4].