【新华社】全链条技术突破让“一粒种子”实现精准设计

Core Insights - China's research team has achieved a breakthrough in seed precision design, enabling simultaneous improvements in yield, fertilizer efficiency, and disaster resistance [1][2] - The project, initiated in November 2019, involves collaboration among 30 institutions and aims for a 10% to 20% increase in yield, a 15% to 20% reduction in input, and a 15% to 20% reduction in losses [1] - The research has led to the creation of 37 leading varieties and the promotion of 14.48 million acres of new crop varieties [1] Group 1 - In the Northeast rice region, the "Zhongke Fa 5" variety has achieved over a 20% yield increase compared to local premium varieties, with yields exceeding 600 kg per acre in saline-alkali land [1] - In the Southern rice region, "Zhongke Fa Early Jing 1" has marked a breakthrough in double-season early japonica rice, allowing for the market release of high-quality new rice 2 to 3 months earlier [1] - The research team has utilized innovative multi-genome editing technology to create disease-resistant and high-yield wheat varieties, with the first safety certificate for gene-edited staple crops expected in 2024 [1] Group 2 - The research has also identified broad-spectrum disease-resistant genes in local wheat varieties, leading to the development of the high-yield, disease-resistant variety "Zhongke 166," which has been promoted across nearly 1.5 million acres, significantly reducing pesticide use [2] - The cloning of the nitrogen-efficient gene OsTCP19 allows rice to maintain stable yields with a 20% to 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer [2] - The project's outcomes have extended to aquaculture, creating a new breeding design system that enhances growth rate, survival rate, and feed efficiency in new carp strains, including a new variety of silver carp with no intermuscular bones, improving consumer experience [2] - The successful implementation of this project exemplifies the advantages of a new type of national system, laying a solid technological foundation for China's transition from a major seed industry country to a strong seed industry nation [2]