【科技日报】创建精准设计育种新范式

Core Insights - The "Seed Precision Design and Creation" initiative by the Chinese Academy of Sciences aims to enhance national food security through innovative seed breeding techniques, achieving significant breakthroughs in theory, technology, and product development over six years [1]. Group 1: Genetic Innovations - The initiative has successfully cloned the nitrogen-efficient gene OsTCP19, allowing rice to maintain yield while reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20%-30%, potentially leading to a new "green revolution" [2]. - A new wheat variety, "Zhongke 166," has been developed with broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, utilizing a newly identified "treasure gene" Pm24 [2]. - A multi-gene editing technology has been developed, enabling simultaneous editing of multiple genes, resulting in a new wheat variety that is both disease-resistant and high-yielding, marking a significant milestone in gene editing applications in China [3]. Group 2: Agricultural Applications - The initiative has produced ten new high-yield, high-nutrition soybean varieties, leveraging a comprehensive genomic map and a powerful data platform called SoyOmics [4]. - A new breeding technology for aquatic species has been established, leading to the development of a candidate fish variety, "Zhongke 6," which exhibits high yield, disease resistance, and improved feed efficiency [4]. - The "Zhongke Fa" series of rice varieties integrates multiple desirable traits, achieving over a 20% yield increase compared to traditional varieties in Northeast China and breaking yield records in saline-alkali fields [5][6]. Group 3: Strategic Impact - The successful implementation of the seed initiative establishes a complete and controllable technology system in precision breeding, transitioning from a follower to a leader in certain areas of agricultural technology [6].