“越纠越对” 我国科学家在量子纠错领域达到关键里程碑

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China has achieved a significant milestone in quantum error correction by implementing error correction below the threshold using the "Zu Chongzhi 3.2" superconducting quantum processor, paving the way for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing [1][2] Group 1: Quantum Error Correction Achievements - The team successfully demonstrated a new "full microwave quantum state leakage suppression architecture" on the 107-qubit "Zu Chongzhi 3.2" processor, achieving a logical error rate that significantly decreases with increasing code distance, with an error suppression factor of 1.4 [2] - The implementation of surface codes, which is one of the most mature quantum error correction schemes, allows multiple physical qubits to be encoded into a single logical qubit, thereby reducing the logical qubit's error rate as the number of physical qubits increases [1][2] Group 2: Importance of Crossing the Error Threshold - Achieving error correction below the threshold is crucial for quantum computing systems to transition from laboratory prototypes to practical applications, marking a key watershed in the field [2] - The suppression of leakage errors, which are particularly detrimental as they lead qubits to invalid states that cannot be corrected by surface codes, is a primary focus in global quantum error correction research [2] Group 3: Publication and Recognition - The results of this research have been published as a cover paper and "editor's recommendation" in the prestigious journal Physical Review Letters, highlighting the significance of the findings in the scientific community [3]