李家洋院士解读如何“五选一定”开展重大品种选育

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences emphasizes the importance of a new breeding paradigm called "Five Selections and One Determination" to achieve breakthroughs in major crop varieties for food security and sustainable agriculture in China [1][2]. Group 1: Five Selections - Selection of Region: Each crop variety is influenced by regional environmental factors, which also affect pest and disease occurrences [2]. - Selection of Goals: Different regions have specific issues that need to be addressed, such as high yield, quality, efficiency, disease resistance, pest resistance, and soil adaptability [2]. - Selection of Traits: After determining the region and goals, it is essential to break down the agronomic traits that influence the main objectives, such as identifying the ideal plant type for high yield [2][3]. - Selection of Genes: Identifying key genes that affect the desired traits is crucial, such as those determining plant height and tiller number [2][3]. - Selection of Parental Lines: Effective hybridization requires selecting parental lines that contain the necessary key genes to facilitate the rapid and effective aggregation of superior genes [3]. Group 2: One Determination - Determining the Pathway: After completing the "Five Selections," it is vital to establish a clear implementation plan, including the sequence and method of hybridization, to minimize errors and successfully cultivate significant new varieties [5]. Group 3: Future Outlook - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the seed project will focus on creating high-yield and high-quality major varieties, advancing foundational theories, key technologies, and significant variety creation to enhance national food security [7].