填补国际规则空白 便利跨境融资

Core Viewpoint - The United Nations General Assembly has approved the "United Nations Convention on Transferable Goods Documents" (NCD Convention), initiated and led by China, marking a significant step in establishing an international legal framework for various transport documents beyond maritime bills of lading, which will facilitate diversified financing and promote trade and economic development, especially for landlocked countries [1][2]. Group 1: Key Aspects of the NCD Convention - The convention creates transferable goods documents applicable to all modes of transport, establishing a unified legal framework for both single and multimodal transport [1]. - It clarifies that transport documents issued under the convention possess property rights attributes, providing strong legal guarantees for the transfer and financing of goods in cross-border trade [1][2]. - The convention accommodates electronic document formats, supporting the digital transformation of global trade [1]. Group 2: Background and Development - The need for property rights attributes in railway transport documents arose with the rapid growth of China-Europe Railway Express under the Belt and Road Initiative, leading to the legislative proposal for the NCD Convention [2]. - Chinese enterprises in Chongqing and Sichuan have creatively explored financing practices using railway waybills in international trade with European partners, but faced limitations due to the lack of international rules [2]. - The proposal to develop new international rules for the property rights of cross-border railway waybills was submitted at the 52nd session of the UN Commission on International Trade Law in 2019, leading to the formal legislative process [2]. Group 3: Contributions and Significance - The NCD Convention embodies "Chinese wisdom" in its innovative rule design, with significant contributions from the Chinese delegation during negotiations [3]. - The core provision regarding the rights of holders of transferable goods documents reflects a commitment to maintaining trust in document transactions, based on the documents themselves rather than external transport contract agreements [3]. - This convention represents China's growing institutional discourse power in the field of foreign-related legal systems, marking a historic achievement since the 1924 Hague Rules [3].